1854 Treaty Lands at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore
March 20, 2026
Collected & edited by Amorin Mello
The Chequamegon area’s Apostle Islands National Lakeshore has been in the news lately due to the reintroduction of Congressman Tom Tiffany’s proposed Apostle Islands National Park and [Sand Island] Preserve Act. This proposed Act has been controversial due to strong opposition from local governments citing lack of consultation and insufficient infrastructure, among other concerns.
The goal of this post is to raise awareness about how the current Apostle Islands National Lakeshore contains roughly 3,000 acres of tribal lands reserved by the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe, and should consider returning these tribal lands back to the Lake Superior Chippewa before making any changes to become the proposed Apostle Islands National Park and Sand Island Preserve.
The current Apostle Islands National Lakeshore contains 3 types of lands reserved by the 1854 Chippewa Treaty of La Pointe:
29 Allotments (red) within the Red Cliff Reservation,
14 Allotments (blue) on Stockton, Hermit, & Basswood Islands,
and the disputed Bad River Reservation (purple) on Long Island.
All of the Apostle Islands are part of the ceded territory from the 1842 Treaty of La Pointe covering roughly 22,000 square miles in northern Wisconsin and Michigan. The historical context of this 1842 ceded territory was to allow Americans to move into copper-rich areas while still retaining hunting, fishing and gathering rights for the Lake Superior Chippewa on those same lands. In modern context, this 1842 ceded territory has natural resource managed jointly between the States of Michigan and Wisconsin, the Lake Superior Chippewa, and Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC).
Map of 1836, 1837, 1842, and 1854 ceded territories jointly managed by the Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC).
The 1854 Treaty of La Pointe reclaimed certain lands within the 1842 ceded territory to be reserved as permanent homelands for the Lake Superior Chippewa Bands in the form of Reservations and Allotments. For more information, we have covered the debates and circumstances leading up to the creation of these Reservations and Allotments in great detail on this blog, such as the Sandy Lake Tragedy and Ojibwe Removal events. Unfortunately much of those Reservations and Allotments have become “checkerboarded” or alienated from the Lake Superior Chippewa despite the original intention of being permanent homelands.
In this post we will examine roughly 3,000 acres of those Reservations and Allotments from the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe that are contained within the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore today. For clarification, there is a Reservation and several Allotments on Madeline Island, which are outside of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore and will be discussed at a later date instead of in this post. Nor are we including any of the 1887 Dawes Act Allotments on the Apostle Islands in this post, because they are not from the 1854 Treaty.
Without further ado…
Zaagawaamikong-neyaashi
(roughly translated as “long soft beaver dam point”)
a.k.a. Chequamegon Point and Long Island
The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore contains Chequamegon Point (roughly 300 acres) on Long Island located at the Bad River Reservation (a.k.a. Mashkiiziibii).
Currently, federal maps of Long Island depict Chequamegon Point to lie outside the Bad River Reservation boundaries. Ownership of Chequamegon Point has been disputed between Bad River and the Federal Government for many generations since the 1854 Treaty.
This dispute is based on how the Second Clause of the Second Article of the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe defined the boundaries of the Bad River Reservation to follow “along the lake shore, crossing Shag-waw-me-quon [Chequamegon] Point, to the place of beginning“. In recent years, Bad River has been conducting a Historical Background Study about the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe and the Chippewa understanding of how they negotiated with Federal negotiators to include Chequamegon Point in Bad River’s lakeshore reservation boundaries.
We have mentioned this ongoing dispute in past posts, and will continue to examine historic records in support of Bad River’s efforts to repatriate tribal ownership of Chequamegon Point.
Gaa-giishkidaawangaa-wiikwedong
(roughly translated as “sand bay”)
a.k.a. Sand Point, Sand Bay, and Little Sand Bay
The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore’s Mainland Unit contains 29 Allotments (roughly 1,550 acres) located at the Red Cliff Reservation (a.k.a. Gaa-miskwaabikaang). The Sand Bay shoreline contains three Allotments (uncolored) that are owned by Red Cliff.
The media often cites the 1887 Dawes Act when describing how Allotments on the Lake Superior Chippewa Reservations became alienated from tribal ownership. That is factually incorrect, because these Allotments came from the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe, which precedes the 1887 Dawes Act by several decades. The key difference here is how these 1854 Chippewa Treaty Allotments were designed to reserve tribal land that would never be taken away later, while the later 1887 Dawes Act Allotments were designed to be alienated/sold after a period of 25 years. Unfortunately the 1854 Treaty Allotments were mismanaged by non-tribal governments as being temporary instead of permanent.
This mismanagement has caused much damage over time in the form of “checkerboarded” tribal land bases, which explains the legacy of how these 29 Allotments inside the Red Cliff Reservation fell out of tribal ownership and became part of the original boundaries of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore.
In 1970, two additional Allotments along the Sand Bay shoreline were targeted to become part of the original boundaries of Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, but ultimately never became alienated from tribal ownership. Today these two Allotments still remain excluded from the boundaries of the current Apostle Islands National Lakeshore and proposed National Park.
In 2018, a third Allotment along Sand Bay that had fallen out of tribal ownership due to “checkerboarding” was repatriated from Town of Russell ownership back to tribal ownership, and is now a Tribal Management Unit of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore.
The proposed boundaries of the Apostle Islands National Park and [Sand Island] Preserve Act contain this repatriated Allotment, but not the two Allotments that were never alienated from tribal ownership.
Wiisaakodewan-minis
(roughly translated as “half-burnt wood island”)
a.k.a. Stockton Island or Presque Isle
The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore contains one allotment (roughly 80 acres) on Stockton Island:
1) Joseph Gauthier (a.k.a. Gokee) Senior
A prescribed fire on Stockton Island conducted by National Park Service and Tribal partners.
~ Photo by Dave Cooper at NPS
The root word of island’s traditional name, Wiisaakodewan (half-burnt wood), refers to Stockton Island’s historic appearance of being partially burnt. In recent years, the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore and the Lake Superior Chippewa have jointly reintroduced the practice of using prescribed fire management to promote the growth of blueberries and other traditional ecological resources on the cultural landscape of Stockton Island.
Wiisaakodewan also happens to be the root word of a pejorative slang term describing the Mixed Blood people of Lake Superior Chippewa. At the time of the Treaty Era, the Mixed Bloods of the Lake Superior Chippewa held a strong connection to this island via the tribal fishing industry. For example, the surveyor Joel Allen Barber described how “the bays on Presque Isle [Stockton Island] are a favorite resort of fishermen” in connection to the tribal fishing grounds of the La Pointe Indian Reservation on Madeline Island’s north end.
Wiigobiish-minis
(roughly translated as “basswood island”)
a.k.a. Basswood Island
The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore contains four allotments (roughly 290 acres) on Basswood Island:
1) John Baptist Berriot
2) Henry Bresette (a.k.a. Brisette)
3) John Baptist Lemieux
4) Louis Neveaux
In a previous post we briefly mentioned that the infamous John Breckenridge made national news with his land speculation on Basswood Island immediately following the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe. In a few short years Breckinridge would become Vice President of the United States, and also a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the Civil War.
The Louisville Daily Courier [Kentucky], August 14th 1855, Page 4.
Eshkwegwindeg-minis
(roughly translated as “floating at the end or behind island”)
a.k.a. Hermit Island
f.k.a. Austrian Island
The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore contains nine allotments (roughly 780 acres) covering all of Hermit Island:
1) Josette Deefoe (a.k.a. Defoe)
2) Michael Defoe
3) Francois Dejadin (a.k.a. Artishon) Junior
4) Charles Dingley
5) Mary Dingley
6) Mary DuBay
7) Louis Gaudin (a.k.a. Gordon)
8) John Baptist Goslin (a.k.a. Gauslin)
9) Elizabeth (a.k.a. Isabella) Tremble
The traditional name of Eshkwegwindeg appears to be referencing this island’s location between the mainland and several other Apostle Islands. Today it still remains a central hub between the Red Cliff Reservation, the La Pointe Reservation on the north end of Madeline Island, and the other Apostle Islands with Allotments. It is noteworthy how the entirety of this Island is covered by Allotments, unlike the other aforementioned Islands.
Austrian Island on Asaph Whittlesey’s 1871 map of Apostle Islands and Harbor of Bayfield and Its Surroundings.
~ Wisconsin Historical Society
Modern maps call this Hermit Island in reference to the colorful story of how William Wilson was ostracized from La Pointe and relocated to this Island to live out a solitary life during the Treaty Era. The famous “brownstone king” Frederick Prentice‘s connection to this Island in later decades is also a popular story being told by tour guides in modern times. However, I personally am more interested in exploring the history of how this Island was know as “Austrian Island” between the Wilson and Prentice eras, because it illustrates Julius Austrian’s abuse of Allotments to take private ownership of what should be tribal lands for personal profit.
Madeline Island Museum
JULIUS AUSTRIAN PAPERS (2011.158.A) Folder 5:
PAPERS RELATING TO WILSON’S ISLAND (HERMIT ISLAND IN THE APOSTLE ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGO), WISCONSIN (1870-1888)
Julius Austrian’s corporate letterhead circa 1888 advertising Allotments for sale.
I personally became very interested in Chequamegon history specifically because of Julius Austrian and his abuse of Allotments to take private ownership of what should be tribal lands in the Penokee Mountains for personal profit, and how that legacy evolved to become what is still known as the La Pointe Iron Company today.
Example of Julius Austrian using Power Of Attorney to buy Mary DuBay’s Allotment for $5 so he could later flip it for profit as private property.
Austrian’s land speculation on Hermit Island follows the same trend of using Allotments via power of attorney over Mixed Blood tribal members of the Lake Superior Chippewa to grab ownership of prime real estate before other land speculators. In the Penokees example, Austrian gave each Mixed Blood $100 to sell their Allotments via Power of Attorney, but here we see how Austrian gave Mary DuBay only $5 for her Allotment on Hermit Island.
My research has been the foundation of academic research in Larry Nesper’s book Our Relations…the Mixed Bloods, and I will continue to post more on this topic in the Austrian Papers on this website.
So what?
Regular readers of Chequamegon History know that my writing style is to post historic documents enhanced with multimedia and sidebars, but omit my own interpretations and and just let readers reach their own conclusions. Leo, on the other hand, is more inclined to speak out about the implications, such as in his posts 19th Century Deer in the Headlights and Slavery, Debt Default, and the Sandy Lake Tragedy. However, in this case, due to Congressman Tom Tiffany’s ongoing efforts despite strong opposition from local governments, I felt it was important to expound on this issue a bit more than I usually do.
Righting a Wrong: Restoring Lands to the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe
In 2020, the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe Reservation Restoration Act (Public Law 116-255) returned approximately 11,760 acres of allotted lands wrongfully taken by the Chippewa National Forest back to Tribal ownership and management. The same concept should be applied to repatriate tribal lands in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore before moving forward with the proposed Apostle Islands National Park and Preserve Act.
Lac Court Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa v. Walker, Evers
Tribes of the 1854 Chippewa Treaty in Michigan and Wisconsin have won two important lawsuits in recent years due to the fact that their tribal lands should have been reserved under the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe instead of becoming “checkerboarded” from illegal taxation/foreclosures.
Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Bayfield County
What started off as a dispute about zoning authority over tribal lands has developed into a constructive partnership. Bayfield County and Red Cliff have developed a Memorandum of Understanding that has led to repatriation of tribal lands within the Red Cliff Reservation. This has led to 2,500 acres being returned by the County to Red Cliff in recent years, with the last 900 acres being completed in 2022.
While returning all County-owned surface rights within the Reservation back to the Tribe has been a tremendous achievement, the County still owns mineral rights within the Red Cliff Reservation. Mineral rights supersede land rights under Wisconsin law, so more work still remains to be done in these land repatriation efforts between Bayfield County and Red Cliff.
Bayfield County should promote their efforts in recent years to help Red Cliff repatriate 2,500 acres of County-owned lands back to tribal ownership, and encourage the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore to return their 3,000 acres of Reservation/Allotments back to tribal ownership.
Frog Bay Tribal National Park
Congressman Tom Tiffany claims that his proposed Apostle Islands National Park and Preserve Act would create the first National Park in Wisconsin. However, Red Cliff already earned that claim to fame in 2012 by establishing the Frog Bay Tribal National Park through an innovative partnership to repatriate Allotments on their Reservation from non-native landowners.
We would much rather see the establishment of a Sand Bay Tribal National Park in Red Cliff, a Chequamegon Point Tribal National Park in Bad River, and Tribal National Parks for the Apostle Islands Allotments, before the proposed Apostle Islands National Park and Preserve. Ultimately these Tribal Lands should be returned to the Lake Superior Chippewa and let them decide whether to manage them as Tribal National Parks or not.
1837 Petitions from La Pointe to the President
January 29, 2023
Collected & edited by Amorin Mello
Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs:
La Pointe Agency 1831-1839
National Archives Identifier: 164009310
O. I. A. La Pointe J171.
Hon Geo. W. Jones
Ho. of Reps. Jany 9, 1838
Transmits petition dated 31st Augt 1837, from Michel Cadotte & 25 other Chip. Half Breeds, praying that the amt to be paid them, under the late Chip. treaty, be distributed at La Pointe, and submitting the names of D. P. Bushnell, Lyman M. Warren, for the appt of Comsr to make the distribution.
Transmits it, that it may receive such attention as will secure the objects of the petitioners, says as the treaty has not been satisfied it may be necessary to bring the subject of the petition before the Comsr Ind Affrs of the Senate.
Recd 10 Jany 1838
file
[?] File.
House of Representatives Jany 9th 1838
Sir
I hasten to transmit the inclosed petition, with the hope, that the subject alluded to, may receive such attention, as to secure the object of the petitioners. As the Chippewa Treaty has not yet been ratified it may be necessary to bring the subject of the petition before the Committee of Indian Affairs of the Senate.
I am very respectfully
Your obt svt
Geo W. Jones
C. A. Harris Esqr
Comssr of Indian Affairs
War Department
To the President of the United States of America
The humble petition of the undersigned Chippewa Half-Breeds citizens of the United Sates, respectfully Shareth:
Bizhiki (Buffalo), Dagwagaane (Two Lodges Meet), and Jechiikwii’o (Snipe, aka Little Buffalo) signed the 1837 Treaty of St Peters for the La Pointe Band.
That, your petitioners having lately heard that a Treaty had been concluded between the Government of the United Sates and the Chippewa Indians at St Peters, for the cession of certain lands belonging to that tribe:
ARTICLE 3.
“The sum of one hundred thousand dollars shall be paid by the United States, to the half-
breeds of the Chippewa nation, under the direction of the President. It is the wish of the
Indians that their two sub-agents Daniel P. Bushnell, and Miles M. Vineyard, superintend
the distribution of this money among their half-breed relations.”
That, the said Chippewa Indians X, having a just regard to the interest and welfare of their Half Breed brethren, did there and then stipulate; that, a certain sum of money should be paid once for all unto the said Half-Breeds, to satisfy all claim they might have on the lands so ceded to the United States.
That, your petitioners are ignorant of the time and place where such payment is to be made.
That the great majority of the Half-Breeds entitled to a distribution of said sum of money, are either residing at La Pointe on Lake Superior, or being for the most part earning their livelihood from the Traders, are consequently congregated during the summer months at the aforesaid place.
Your petitioners humbly solicit their father the President, to take their case into consideration, and not subject them to a long and costly journey in ordering the payments to be made at any inconvenient distance, but on the contrary they trust that in his wisdom he will see the justice of their demand in requiring he will be pleased to order the same to be distributed at Lapointe agreeable to their request.
Your petitioners would also intimate that, although they are fully aware that the Executive will make a judicious choice in the appointment of the Commissioners who will be selected to carry into effect the Provisions of said Treaty, yet, they would humbly submit to the President, that they have full confidence in the integrity of D. P. Bushnell Esqr. resident Indian Agent for the United States at this place and Lyman M Warren Esquire, Merchant.
Your petitioners entertain the flattering hope, that, their petition will not be made in vain, and as in duty bound will ever pray.
La Pointe, Lake Superior,
Territory of Wisconsin 31st August 1837
Michel Cadotte
Michel Bosquet X his mark
Seraphim Lacombe X his mark
Joseph Cadotte X his mark
Antoine Cadotte X his mark
Chs W Borup for wife & Children
A Morrison for wife & children
Pierre Cotte
Henry Cotte X his mark
Frances Roussan X his mark
James Ermatinger for wife & family
Lyman M Warren for wife & family
Joseph Dufault X his mark
Paul Rivet X his mark for wife & family
Charles Chaboullez wife & family
George D. Cameron
Alixis Corbin
Louis Corbin
Jean Bste Denomme X his mark and family
Ambrose Deragon X his mark and family
Robert Morran X his mark ” “
Jean Bst Couvillon X his mark ” “
Alix Neveu X his mark ” “
Frances Roy X his mark ” “
Alixis Brisbant X his mark ” “
Signed in presence of G. Pauchene
John Livingston
O.I.A. La Pointe W424.
Governor of Wisconsin
Mineral Pt. Feby 19, 1838
Transmits the talk of “Buffalo,” a Chip. Chief, delivered at the La Pointe SubAgt, Dec. 9, 1837, asking that the am. due the half-breeds under the late Treaty, be divided fairly among them, & paid them there, as they will not go to St Peters for it, &c.
Says Buffalo has great influence with his tribe, & is friendly to the whites; his sentiments accord with most of those of the half-breeds & Inds in that part of the country.
File
Recd 13 March 1838
[?] File.
Superintendency of Indian Affairs
for the Territory of Wisconsin
Mineral Point, Feby 19, 1838
Sir,
I have the honor to inclose the talk of “Buffalo,” a principal chief of the Chippewa Indians in the vicinity of La Pointe, delivered on the 9th Dec’r last before Mr Bushnell, sub-agent of the Chippewas at that place. Mr. Bushnell remarks that the speech is given with as strict an adherence to the letter as the language will admit, and has no doubt the sentiments expressed by this Chief accord with those of most of the half-breeds and Indians in that place of the Country. The “Buffalo” is a man of great influence among his tribe, and very friendly to the whites.
Very respectfully,
Your obed’t sevt.
Henry Dodge
Supt Ind Affs
Hon C. A. Harris
Com. of Ind. Affairs
Subagency
Lapointe Dec 10 1837
Speech of the Buffalo principal Chief at Lapointe
Father I told you yesterday I would have something to say to you today. What I say to you now I want you to write down, and send it to the Great American Chief that we saw at St Peters last summer, (Gov. Dodge). Yesterday, I called all the Indians together, and have brought them here to hear what I say; I speak the words of all.
ARTICLE 1.
“The said Chippewa nation cede to the United States all that tract of country included
within the following boundaries:
[…]
thence to and along the dividing ridge between the waters of Lake Superior and those of the Mississippi
[…]“
Father it was not my voice, that sold the country last summer. The land was not mine; it belonged to the Indians beyond the mountains. When our Great Father told us at St Peters that it was only the country beyond the mountains that he wanted I was glad. I have nothing to say about the Treaty, good, or bad, because the country was not mine; but when it comes my time I shall know how to act. If the Americans want my land, I shall know what to say. I did not like to stand in the road of the Indians at St Peters. I listened to our Great Father’s words, & said them in my heart. I have not forgotten them. The Indians acted like children; they tried to cheat each other and got cheated themselves. When it comes my time to sell my land, I do not think I shall give it up as they did.
What I say about the payment I do not say on my own account; for myself I do not care; I have always been poor, & don’t want silver now. But I speak for the poor half breeds.
There are a great many of them; more than would fill your house; some of them are very poor They cannot go to St Peters for their money. Our Great Father told us at St Peters, that you would divide the money, among the half breeds. You must not mind those that are far off, but divide it fairly, and give the poor women and children a good share.
Father the Indians all say they will not go to St Peters for their money. Let them divide it in this parts if they choose, but one must have ones here. You must not think you see all your children here; there are so many of them, that when the money and goods are divided, there will not be more than half a Dollar and a breech cloth for each one. At Red Cedar Lake the English Trader (W. Aitken) told the Indians they would not have more than a breech cloth; this set them to thinking. They immediately held a council & their Indian that had the paper (The Treaty) said he would not keep it, and would send it back.
It will not be my place to come in among the first when the money is paid. If the Indians that own the land call me in I shall come in with pleasure.
ARTICLE 4.
“The sum of seventy thousand dollars shall be applied to the payment, by the United States, of certain claims against the Indians; of which amount twenty eight thousand dollars shall, at their request, be paid to William A. Aitkin, twenty five thousand to Lyman M. Warren, and the balance applied to the liquidation of other just demands against them—which they acknowledge to be the case with regard to that presented by Hercules L. Dousman, for the sum of five thousand dollars; and they request that it be paid.“
We are afraid of one Trader. When at St Peters I saw that they worked out only for themselves. They have deceived us often. Our Great Father told us he would pay our old debts. I thought they should be struck off, but we have to pay them. When I heard our debts would be paid, it done my heart good. I was glad; but when I got back here my joy was gone. When our money comes here, I hope our Traders will keep away, and let us arrange our own business, with the officers that the President sends here.
Father I speak for my people, not for myself. I am an old man. My fire is almost out – there is but little smoke. When I set in my wigwam & smoke my pipe, I think of what has past and what is to come, and it makes my heart shake. When business comes before us we will try and act like chiefs. If any thing is to be done, it had better be done straight. The Indians are not like white people; they act very often like children. We have always been good friends to the whites, and we want to remain so. We do not [even?] go to war with our enemies, the Sioux; I tell my young men to keep quiet.
Father I heard the words of our Great Father (Gov. Dodge) last summer, and was pleased; I have not forgotten what he said. I have his words up in my heart. I want you to tell him to keep good courage for us, we want him to do all he can for us. What I have said you have written down; I [?] you to hand him a copy; we don’t know your ways. If I [?] said any thing [?] dont send it. If you think of any thing I ought to say send it. I have always listened to the white men.
O.I.A. Lapointe, B.458
D. P. Bushnell
Lapointe, March 8, 1838
At the request of some of the petitioners, encloses a petition dated 7 March 1838, addressed to the Prest, signed by 167 Chip. half breeds, praying that the amt stipulated by the late Chip. Treaty to be paid to the half breeds, to satisfy all claims they ma have on the lands ceded by this Treaty, may be distributed at Lapointe.
Hopes their request will be complied with; & thinks their annuity should likewise be paid at Lapointe.
File
Recd 2nd May, 1838
Subagency
Lapointe Mch 6 1838
Sir
I have the honor herewith to enclose a petition addressed to the President of the United States, handed to me with a request by several of the petitioners that I would forward it. The justice of the demand of these poor people is so obvious to any one acquainted with their circumstances, that I cannot omit this occasion to second it, and to express a sincere hope that it will be complied with. Indeed, if the convenience and wishes of the Indians are consulted, and as the sum they receive for their country is so small, these should, I conciev, be principle considerations, their annuity will likewise as paid here; for it is a point more convenient of access for the different bands, that almost any other in their own country, and one moreover, where they have interests been in the habit of assembling in the summer months.
I am sir, with great respect,
your most obt servant,
D. P. Bushnell
O. I. A.
C. A. Harris Esqr.
Comr Ind. Affs
To the President of the United States of America
The humble petition of the undersigned Chippewa Half-Breeds citizens of the United States respectfully shareth
That your petitioners having lately heard, that a Treaty has been concluded between the Government of the United States and the Chippewa Indians at St Peters for the cession of certain lands belonging to that tribe;
That the said Chippewa Indians having a just regard to the interest and wellfare of their Half-Breed brethern, did there and then stipulate, that a certain sum of money should be paid once for all unto the said Half-Breeds, to satisfy all claims, they might have on the lands so ceded to the United States;
That your petitioners are ignorant of the time and place, where such payment is to be made; and
That the great majority of the Half-Breeds entitled to a portion of said sum of money are either residing at Lapointe on Lake Superior, or being for the most part earning their livelihood from the Traders, are consequently congregated during the summer months at the aforesaid place;
Your petitioners therefore humbly solicit their Father the President to take their case into consideration, and not subject them to a long and costly journey on ordering the payment to be made at any convenient distance, but on the contrary, they wish, that in his wisdom he will see the justice of this petition and that he will be pleased to order the same to be distributed at Lapointe agreeably to their request.
Your petitioners entertain the flattering hope, that their petition will not be made in vain and as in duly bound will ever pray.
Half Breeds of Folleavoine Lapointe Lac Court Oreilles and Lac du Flambeau
Georg Warren
Edward Warren
William Warren
Truman A Warren
Mary Warren
Michel Cadott
Joseph Cadotte
Joseph Dufault
Frances Piquette X his mark
Michel Bousquet X his mark
Baptiste Bousquet X his mark
Jos Piquette X his mark
Antoine Cadotte X his mark
Joseph Cadotte X his mark
Seraphim Lacombre X his mark
Angelique Larose X her mark
Benjamin Cadotte X his mark
J Bte Cadotte X his mark
Joseph Danis X his mark
Henry Brisette X his mark
Charles Brisette X his mark
Jehudah Ermatinger
William Ermatinger
Charlotte Ermatinger
Larence Ermatinger
Theodore Borup
Sophia Borup
Elisabeth Borup
Jean Bte Duchene X his mark
Agathe Cadotte X her mark
Mary Cadotte X her mark
Charles Cadotte X his mark
Louis Nolin _ his mark
Frances Baillerge X his mark
Joseph Marchand X his mark
Louis Dubay X his mark
Alexis Corbin X his mark
Augustus Goslin X his mark
George Cameron X his mark
Sophia Dufault X her mark
Augt Cadotte No 2 X his mark
Jos Mace _ his mark
Frances Lamoureau X his mark
Charles Morrison
Charlotte L. Morrison
Mary A Morrison
Margerike Morrison
Jane Morrison
Julie Dufault X her mark
Michel Dufault X his mark
Jean Bte Denomme X his mark
Michel Deragon X his mark
Mary Neveu X her mark
Alexis Neveu X his mark
Michel Neveu X his mark
Josette St Jean X her mark
Baptist St Jean X his mark
Mary Lepessier X her mark
Edward Lepessier X his mark
William Dingley X his mark
Sarah Dingley X her mark
John Hotley X his mark
Jeannette Hotley X her mark
Seraphim Lacombre Jun X his mark
Angelique Lacombre X her mark
Felicia Brisette X her mark
Frances Houle X his mark
Jean Bte Brunelle X his mark
Jos Gauthier X his mark
Edward Connor X his mark
Henry Blanchford X his mark
Louis Corbin X his mark
Augustin Cadotte X his mark
Frances Gauthier X his mark
Jean Bte Gauthier X his mark
Alexis Carpentier X his mark
Jean Bte Houle X his mark
Frances Lamieux X his mark
Baptiste Lemieux X his mark
Pierre Lamieux X his mark
Michel Morringer X his mark
Frances Dejaddon X his mark
John Morrison X his mark
Eustache Roussain X his mark
Benjn Morin X his mark
Adolphe Nolin X his mark
Half-Breeds of Fond du Lac
John Aitken
Roger Aitken
Matilda Aitken
Harriet Aitken
Nancy Scott
Robert Fairbanks
George Fairbanks
Jean B Landrie
Joseph Larose
Paul Bellanges X his mark
Jack Belcour X his mark
Jean Belcour X his mark
Paul Beauvier X his mark
Frances Belleaire
Michel Comptois X his mark
Joseph Charette X his mark
Chl Charette X his mark
Jos Roussain X his mark
Pierre Roy X his mark
Joseph Roy X his mark
Vincent Roy X his mark
Jack Bonga X his mark
Jos Morrison X his mark
Henry Cotte X his mark
Charles Chaboillez
Roderic Chaboillez
Louison Rivet X his mark
Louis Dufault X his mark
Louison Dufault X his mark
Baptiste Dufault X his mark
Joseph Dufault X his mark
Chs Chaloux X his mark
Jos Chaloux X his mark
Augt Bellanger X his mark
Bapt Bellanger X his mark
Joseph Bellanger X his mark
Ignace Robidoux X his mark
Charles Robidoux X his mark
Mary Robidoux X her mark
Simon Janvier X his mark
Frances Janvier X his mark
Baptiste Janvier X his mark
Frances Roussain X his mark
Therese Rouleau X his mark
Joseph Lavierire X his mark
Susan Lapointe X her mark
Mary Lapointe X her mark
Louis Gordon X his mark
Antoine Gordon X his mark
Jean Bte Goslin X his mark
Nancy Goslin X her mark
Michel Petit X his mark
Jack Petit X his mark
Mary Petit X her mark
Josette Cournoyer X her mark
Angelique Cournoyer X her mark
Susan Cournoyer X her mark
Jean Bte Roy X his mark
Frances Roy X his mark
Baptist Roy X his mark
Therese Roy X her mark
Mary Lavierge X her mark
Toussaint Piquette X his mark
Josette Piquette X her mark
Susan Montreille X her mark
Josiah Bissel X his mark
John Cotte X his mark
Isabelle Cotte X her mark
Angelique Brebant X her mark
Mary Brebant X her mark
Margareth Bell X her mark
Julie Brebant X her mark
Josette Lefebre X her mark
Sophia Roussain X her mark
Joseph Roussain X his mark
Angelique Roussain X her mark
Joseph Bellair X his mark
Catharine McDonald X her mark
Nancy McDonald X her mark
Mary Macdonald X her mark
Louise Landrie X his mark
Chequamegon History 